You can run 31x10.5’s on those rims. Mine did not rub. Some do, but easy fix. Just add a washer or two to the steering stops.
You won’t be able to run a 12.5” wide tire on that wheel without wheel spacers. The backspacing is to deep.
Ride depends mainly on tire pressure and shock quality.
Noise depends on tread. Super swamper going to be loud, mud terrains will hum pretty good, all terrains a slight hum. It all really depends on the tire.
If I were you I’d run a 31x10.5r15 load C tire at 26-28 psi with whatever tread you want. I like more aggressive tires and need them for off-road, so I run a mud terrain