Even if the clamp was missing, doubtful if distributor was original, installing a new one without the clamp was a Bubba move, not anything a good professional mechanic would do at least not without the customer's consent.
I won't argue against replacing the harmonic balancer, crank seal, timing set, and chain tensioner. They are all in need of replacement and it would be dumb to put it back together without replacing them. However, none of that stuff was keeping it from running decently.
Your "mechanic" said it jumped time. It did not jump time. Jumping time is something that is often suspected but rarely happens.
BTW, if you can manage the expense, I would replace the belt, belt tensioner, thermostat, and water pump while you have access for preventive maintenance. And of course, a flush and fresh coolant. And if it hasn't already been replaced, do the the radiator as well.
Was it screeching before the fuel pump failed? I thought the screeching was only a thing on the later OPDA assemblies. Do the distributors fail the same way as the OPDAs?