From your description of events and pictures, it seems most likely that you popped a fuse by shorting one of the damaged wires to ground via the sheet metal screw into the body, which is grounded. I see the following wires nicked in your photos:
- Red with a white stripe (called RD/WT in the manual)
- Dark blue with a black stripe (called DB/BK in the manual)
- Yellow with a red stripe (called YL/RD in the manual)
I don't think the second one would cause it not to start. That wire appears to be the wire that turns the A/C clutch on via Fuse 21 in the PDC (the box shown in your pictures). The third one is the wire that energizes the starter relay coil through Fuse 20 in the Fuse Block (behind glove box), and since it cranks, I don't think that one is the problem. The leaves the first one. The RD/WT wire would be where I would start because it's fused battery power to the PDC, and the fuses for it are large capacity, which would cause big sparks when you shorted it.
So, the RD/WT wire could be either Fuse 9, 10, or 20 in the PDC (the box shown in your pictures). Those fuses are:
View attachment 531444
My money is on Fuse 9 being the culprit because it powers many things, including the fuel injectors, via the ASD relay. Be sure that one is good first!
You could have popped any/all of the fuses above, but I think Fuse 9 would be the most likely to cause it not to start. Check the others, too, though, because they could be popped, too.
Good Luck!